Accessing the Data

The data are available through our GitHub repository. It includes a small set of Python tools for downloading JSON files directly from this website.

• The downloader accepts a start date, an end date, and one of three data types: jamming, spoofing, or dashboard.
• The included helpers can also visualize heatmaps and events in Python.
• The README contains instructions and examples.

Using and Citing the Data

If this data is useful in your work, the examples below show how to credit or cite it in different settings.

Screenshots, presentations, and websites

For a map, screenshot, figure, or visualization, this short attribution is enough:

Source: Stanford GPS Lab, rfi.stanford.edu.

Papers, reports, and other academic work

The dissertation describes the monitoring system and data. Work that specifically uses the localization method can also cite the journal article below.

Dissertation

Liu, Zixi. Automated Global Monitoring, Detection, and Localization of GNSS Interference Using ADS-B Data. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 2026.

BibTeX

@phdthesis{liu2026automated,
  author = {Liu, Zixi},
  title  = {Automated Global Monitoring, Detection, and Localization of
            {GNSS} Interference Using {ADS-B} Data},
  school = {Stanford University},
  year   = {2026},
  type   = {{Ph.D.} dissertation},
  doi    = {10.25740/xh654zt1756},
  url    = {https://doi.org/10.25740/xh654zt1756}
}

Localization method

Liu, Zixi, Sherman Lo, Juan Blanch, Yu-Hsuan Chen, and Todd Walter. “Locating GNSS Interference Sources Using ADS-B with Non-Linear Least Squares.” NAVIGATION, 72(3), 2025.

BibTeX

@article{liu2025locating,
  author  = {Liu, Zixi and Lo, Sherman and Blanch, Juan and
             Chen, Yu-Hsuan and Walter, Todd},
  title   = {Locating {GNSS} Interference Sources Using {ADS-B}
             with Non-Linear Least Squares},
  journal = {NAVIGATION},
  year    = {2025},
  volume  = {72},
  number  = {3},
  doi     = {10.33012/navi.716},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.33012/navi.716}
}

License

Data provided through rfi.stanford.edu are available under the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). You may share and adapt the data for non-commercial purposes with appropriate credit.

Commercial use

If you are interested in using the data commercially, please get in touch. We can then coordinate with Stanford's Office of Technology Licensing (OTL) about a separate license.

Last updated: August 2026

Previous Website

If you have been following this project for a while, you may remember the original website. You might also wonder where it went. Good news: it is still available and continues to run 24/7. 💪 I decided to keep it online for anyone who would still like to visit.

It is still available here: Visit Previous Website

Questions and Collaboration

If you have a question, notice something interesting in the data, or would like to explore a collaboration, I would be happy to hear from you. You can reach Zixi Liu at liu1322@stanford.edu.

Acknowledgments

I want to thank Igor Barakaiev, Louis Weisdorf, and Yu-Hsuan Chen. Their help and contributions made this website much better, and I really enjoyed working with them.

I am also grateful to Sherman Lo, Juan Blanch, and Todd Walter. They supported the research and algorithm development behind this project, and I learned a lot from working with them.

I gratefully acknowledge ADS-B Exchange, the OpenSky Network, Airplanes.live, and AirNav Systems for providing access to ADS-B data at different stages of this research. Their support helped shape and refine the data-processing modules integrated into the current platform.

Most importantly, heartfelt thanks to everyone at Stanford GPS Lab for the inspiring environment and constant encouragement!